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Citing Columbia Earthscape Resources
CITING TEXT
Two types of citation for Earthscape resources are possible. One is the humanities style, such as is specified by the MLA (Modern Language Association). The other is the scientific style, based on CBE (Council of Biology Editors) specifications. Whether you use the humanities or the scientific style, be assured that bibliographic listings of electronic sources follow the same format as print sources you use.
Students should consult with their professor when deciding to use a particular bibliographical style.
Document
Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Document." Title of Complete Work [if applicable]. Name of institution/organization affiliated with web site. Version or File Number [if applicable]. Document date or date of last revision [if different from access date]. Access path or directories, date of access, <electronic address>.
Examples:
Bice, David. "Modeling the Global Water Cycle: Exploring the Dynamics of Earth Systems." Carleton College, on Columbia Earthscape, January 2001. Keyword search: "water cycle." 12 November 2003, <http://www.earthscape.org/t1/bid01/bid01e_02.html>. Heckert, Andrew B. "Groundwater Resources and Contamination." New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, on Columbia Earthscape, March 2003. Teaching; Classroom Models; Water Resources; Getting Enough Water. 12 November 2003, <http://www.earthscape.org/t1/ES14455/heckert.html>.
Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article." Name of Journal and Volume number: Issue number, or other identifying number, (Date of Publication): Number range or total number of pages, paragraphs or other numbered sections. Date of access, <electronic address>.
Examples:
Brewer, Carol. "Conservation Education Partnerships in Schoolyard Laboratories: a Call Back to Action." Conservation Biology. 16:3, June 2002. 17 November 2003, <http://www.earthscape.org/r2/scb/scb16_3/scb16-3_brc01/scb16-3_brc01.pdf>
Singer, Peter. "Ethics: Beyond the Species Barrier." EARTHmatters. Winter 1999/2000. 17 November 2003, <http://www.earthscape.org/p2/em/em_win00/win12.html>.
Author's Last Name, First Name. (if editor, follow with "ed.") "Title of Book." Series name [if applicable]. Place of Publication: Publisher, Date. Page number(s) or range, or chapter title. Date of access, <electronic address>.
Examples:
Bevers, Michael and John Hof. "Spatial Optimization in Ecological Applications." Complexity in Ecological Systems Series. New York: Columbia University Press, 2002. Chapter 2. 17 November 2003, <http://www.earthscape.org/r3/ES14781/HofBevers_ToC.html>.
Pielou, E. C. "Fresh Water." Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998. 17 November 2003, <http://www.earthscape.org/r3/pie01/pie01.html>.
Author's Last Name, Initial(s). (Date of document) Title of document. Title of complete work [if applicable]. Version or File number [if applicable]. (Edition or revision [if applicable]). Access path or directories, date of access, <electronic address>.
Examples:
Bice, D. January 2001. Modeling the Global Water Cycle: Exploring the Dynamics of Earth Systems. Columbia Earthscape. Keyword search: "water cycle." 12 November 2003, <http://www.earthscape.org/t1/bid01/bid01e_02.html>.
Heckert, A. B. March 2003. Groundwater Resources and Contamination, from New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. Columbia Earthscape; Teaching; Classroom Models; Water Resources; Getting Enough Water. 12 November 2003, <http://www.earthscape.org/t1/ES14455/heckert.html>.
Author's Last Name, First Name. (Date of Publication) "Title of Article." Name of Journal and Volume number, Issue number, or other identifying number: Number range or total number of pages, paragraphs or other numbered sections. Date of access, <electronic address>.
Examples:
Brewer, Carol. (2002) "Conservation Education Partnerships in Schoolyard Laboratories: a Call Back to Action." Conservation Biology. 16:3, June 2002. 17 November 2003, <http://www.earthscape.org/r2/scb/scb16_3/scb16-3_brc01/scb16-3_brc01.pdf>.
Singer, Peter. (2000) "Ethics: Beyond the Species Barrier." EARTHmatters. Winter 1999/2000. 17 November 2003, <http://www.earthscape.org/p2/em/em_win00/win12.html>.
Author's Last Name, First Name. (if editor, follow with "ed.") (Date of publication) "Title of Book." Place of Publication: Publisher. Date of access, <electronic address>.
Examples:
Bevers, Michael and John Hof. (2002) "Spatial Optimization in Ecological Applications." Complexity in Ecological Systems Series. New York: Columbia University Press. Chapter 2. 17 November 2003, <http://www.earthscape.org/r3/ES14781/HofBevers_ToC.html>.
Pielou, E. C. (1998) "Fresh Water." Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 17 November 2003, <http://www.earthscape.org/r3/pie01/pie01.html>.
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